NON - DESTRUCTIVE TESTING (ENGINEERING)

5. Visual Testing

NDt IN TAMIL NADU Visual testing (VT) is one of the oldest and most widely used NDE methods to derive a multitude of useful information from a variety of material characteristics and properties. Visual examination is used in all stages of manufacturing and fabrication as a means of verifying conformance to standards and ensuring the quality levels are met and maintained in the final product. A great deal of specialized equipments, certified inspectors as per ASNT recommended practice SNT-TC-1A, technicians and NDT level III's exists for this purpose and can provide ASME 'U' stamp consultation on NDT.

NDT SERVICES IN INDIA - is a leading engineering firm focusing on Asset Integrity and Performance, providing consultancy, services and training to manufacturers in all sectors; improving plant reliability, safety, cost and regulatory compliance.

NDT SERVICES IN CHENNAI We specialize in Condition Based Maintenance; deploying techniques in Maintenance Management, Lubrication, Vibration Monitoring and Analysis, Thermal Imaging, Oil Analysis and Ultrasound.

NDT SERVICES IN INDIA - Destructive and Non-Destructive Testing Limited (NDT) was founded in 2004. At the time of establishment, TWG Group mainly provided services of Destructive Testing (DT) and Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) of ferrous and non-ferrous materials to the construction industry

NDT IN COIMBATORE Over the years, NDT Services has emerged as a leading testing and inspection services provider across various market segments. Besides rendering DT and NDT services, NDT now also provides services such as Calibration of Instruments, Welding Procedure and Welder Qualification Test, Proof Load Test of Structural Fixing and Masonry, Proof Load Test of Lifting Appliances and Lifting Gear, NDT personnel and Welding Inspector Training, etc.

NDT IN TRICHY In addition to the well established Laboratories for Tensile, Impact, Hardness, Fracture and Bend Tests, the Workshops of NDT are also well equipped with state-of-the-art NDT instruments and tools traceable to national or international standard. Each equipment and instrument being used is maintained under stringent calibration scheme and standard.

NDT CHENNAI In the meantime, NDT Services is committed to adopting modern and good laboratory practices in managing her daily operations and maintaining a climate of quality awareness that will lead to continual improvement in the quality of services. The Quality Management System of TWG GROUP has been certified to ISO 9001: 2008 International Standard. In addition, the Company is currently a Government Approved NABL APPROVED Specialist for NDT of Welds, a Member of the Service Inspection Group of the ASNT , PCN , British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, and also accredited Laboratory and Inspection Body under the respective Schemes (NABL – ISO – IEC /17025 CERTIFIED COMPANY IN INDIA) of the Worldwide Accreditation Service.

NDT IN COIMBATORE Applied Inspection has a world wide reputation for providing highly professional NDT services to a vast range of industries – petro-chemical, nuclear electric, off-shore, rail, power generation, mining, gas, construction, foundries and general engineering. Our 24 hour – seven days a week NDT service ensures that we’re always available to our customers. Our major strength is a superb team of highly qualified and experienced personnel, the majority of whom have been with us for many years; we are now widely renowned for being one of the most qualified NDT services companies in INDIA

Radiography – X-Ray and Gamma Ray, Iridium 192 and Cobalt 60

NDt KOVAI Our laboratories are headed by experienced and knowledgeable personnel with the commitment to provide our customers with a radiographic service second to none. We deliver a flexible service with quick turnaround times; working to support the most pressurized production schedules. We also provide radiography on site when required; ensuring the radiographic activities are conducted in accordance with current legislation and regulations.

Ultrasonic Testing Services

NDT IN INDIA NDT -Technicians are dedicated and experienced personnel certified to PCN, ASNT and ACCP at Level III; many of whom are known throughout the industry and are recognized as being highly trained, competent individuals who have worked for Applied Inspection for many years.

NDT IN TRICHY - For those unfamiliar with ultrasonic inspection; this type of testing uses sound waves of short wavelength and high frequency to detect flaws or measure material thickness. It is used to test welds, castings and wrought products, e.g. rolled plate or forgings.

NDT INDIA Manual testing involves sound waves (pulsed beams of high frequency ultrasound) transmitted via a hand-held transducer, which is placed on the specimen. A 'couplant' is used to enable the sound to pass from the transducer to the component under test. Any sound from the pulse that returns to the transducer (echo) is shown on a screen, which gives the amplitude of the pulse and the time taken to return to the transducer. Flaws anywhere through the specimen thickness reflect the sound back to the transducer. Flaw size, distance and reflectivity can be interpreted.

NDT SERVICES The immersion technique involves placing the component in a tank of water and passing the sound waves through the water into the component.

Because of its complexity; considerable technician training and skill is required.

MPI – Magnetic Particle Inspection

NDT IN MUMBAI Applied Inspection offers a cost effective MPI service to a wide range of industries at highly competitive rates. We are able to undertake MPI up to 3000 amps in our laboratories or on site - 24 hours a day, seven days a week. With over 90 full time staff, we are equipped to provide a rapid response and a fast turn around as well as a collection and delivery service. Magnetic Particle Inspection is used on welds, castings and forged ferro-magnetic materials in order to detect cracks and flaws on the surface or very near to the surface.

NDT IN DELHI There are several types of electrical currents used in MPI. For a proper current to be selected one needs to consider the part geometry, material, the type of discontinuity you're looking for and how far the magnetic field needs to penetrate into the part.

DPI - Dye Penetrant Inspection

NDt IN NOIDA We offer Dye Penetrant Testing on site or in one of our laboratories using either fluorescent or colour contrast applications as a one off test or batches of machined parts. This type of testing is commonly used on welds, machined parts, castings and forgings.

NDT IN KERALA Also known as Dye Penetrant Inspection (DPI), Liquid Penetrant Inspection (LPI) or Fluorescent Penetrant Inspection (FPI); it is a method that is used to reveal surface breaking flaws by bleed-out of a coloured or fluorescent dye from the flaw.

The technique is based on the ability of a liquid to be drawn into a "clean" surface breaking flaw by capillary action. After a period of penetration time, excess surface penetrant is removed and a developer applied. This 'draws' the penetrant from the flaw to reveal its presence. Colour contrast (or "visible") penetrants require good white light, while fluorescent penetrants need to be used in darkened conditions with an ultraviolet light (also known as black light).

Penetrant inspection can be used on almost any non-porous material. It is essential that the material is carefully cleaned first; otherwise the penetrant will not be able to enter the defect. If surface penetrant is not fully removed, misleading indications will result.

With our capacity, capabilities and our collection and delivery service, we can assure you of a quality service with a fast turn around to assist you in achieving your production commitments.

Eddy Current Testing

NDT IN CHENNAI - This technique is used to detect surface and near surface defects on relatively small areas; without the need to remove surface paint prior to testing. The equipment is light and compact and provides immediate feedback, making it ideally suited for inspecting on site.

NDT IN COCHIN ET is an electromagnetic technique and can only be used on conductive materials. Its applications range from crack detection, to the rapid sorting of small components for flaws, size variations, or material variation. Commonly it is used in the aerospace, rail, automotive, marine and manufacturing industries.

NDT IN HYDERABAD When an energised coil is brought near to the surface of a metal component, eddy currents are induced into the specimen. These currents set-up magnetic field that tend to oppose the original magnetic field. The impedance of coil in close proximity to the specimen is affected by the presence of the induced eddy currents in the specimen.

NDT BANGALORE When the eddy currents in the specimen are distorted by the presence of the flaws or material variations, the impedance in the coil is altered. This change is measured and displayed in a manner that indicates the type of flaw or material condition. Visual Testing

NDT SERVICES IN HOUSR Also known as Visual Inspection, VT is the one NDT method used extensively to evaluate the condition or the quality of a weld or component. It is easily carried out, inexpensive and usually doesn't require special equipment. It is used for the inspection of welds and other components where quick detection and the correction of flaws or process related problems can result in significant cost savings. VT is the primary evaluation method of many quality control programmes.

NDT IN TRICHY This method of testing requires good vision, good lighting and the expertise to recognize flaws and process problems. Visual inspection can be enhanced by a variety of methods ranging from low power magnifying glasses through to boroscopes. These devices can also be used with television camera systems. Surface preparation can range from wiping with a cloth to blast cleaning and treating with chemicals to show the surface details.

NDt IN TIRUCHIRAPPALLI VT can identify where a failure is most likely to occur and as well as identifying when failure has commenced and this method of testing is often enhanced by other methods of inspection; identifying defects that are not easily seen by the eye.

NDT Training

NDT TAMIL NADU, INDIA In conjunction with TWI we provide non destructive testing training both nationally and globally. We offer training to PCN Levels I, II and III and ASNT Levels I, II and III. We are able to deliver training courses in our own facility or any external or on site location.

Oil & Gas

TWG GROUP IN CHENNAI have operated in the Oil and Gas sector since 1986 and currently hold long term contracts with major oil, exploration companies and contractors. In addition to servicing our long term clients we also provide engineering, inspection and trade based services, on an adhoc basis, and has provided our services worldwide. Our approach has centered on safely conducting our work scopes with the minimal disruption to our clients operations. Our engineering and consultancy services allow clients to access expertise across a wide variety of engineering disciplines and when combined with our field based inspection and trade skilled personnel we are able to allow our clients to maintain and enhance the productivity and integrity of their assets throughout their natural lifecycle. Our Services provided to the Oil and Gas industry include:

Inspection and Non Destructive Testing (NDT)

Specialist NDT

Trade Based Services

QA/QC

Engineering

Power Generation

NDT GROUP IN TAMIL NADU have operated in the conventional power generation sector since the late eighties providing a wide range of inspection, repair and maintenance services, often using our specialist access solutions to perform works that would have traditionally been supported by conventional access methods. TWG’s multi-disciplined teams, supported by our engineering group have extended the boundaries of both our inspection and trades services allowing client/site specific solutions to be developed bringing further cost savings. Our specialist NDT division, for example, have developed and deployed a range of techniques and solutions that allows the majority of plant to be inspected whilst in operation.

NDT - TWG GROUP IN INDIA also provides integrity management solutions to asset owners who are faced with the challenges of managing ageing assets and who are seeking to maximise the productivity of the asset without compromise to safety.

Renewable Energy

TWG GROUP has become increasingly active in the Renewable energy sector providing engineering support, integrity management, inspection and other technical services harnessing extensive experience acquired in the offshore environment for over 10 years.

NDT IN INDIA offer the following support services via Rope Access and other alternate access solutions to assist in providing a continual high standard of operational reliability for offshore Wind Farm Foundations, Transition Pieces, Wind Turbines and components, whether as an ad-hoc requirement or as part of multi-package long term contracts:

Inspection and Analysis

Conventional Non Destructive Testing (UT, DPI, MPI, RAD, etc)

Specialist Non Destructive Testing (ToFD, Phased Array UT, M-Skip, etc)

NDT TRAINING IN TRICHY a broad range of Non-Destructive (NDT) and Materials Testing services into its wide ranging market base. These include conventional NDT techniques such as Ultrasonic and Eddy Current Inspection to Materials Testing services such as Chemical Analysis and Corrosion testing.

We also offers specialist services such as Composite and Tube inspection, Training and Consultancy and R&D through its innovation centre.

Phased Array

NDT IN INDIA Phased array is a cutting edge technology based upon the pulse echo ultrasonic technique that has been used for over half a century. The technique uses the concept of electronically steering individual or multiple ultrasonic beams to scan welds, forgings or castings to detect flaws that could be critical to the safe operation of the component. The beam can be focussed at specific depths to permit highly accurate cross-sectional sizing of flaws and the ability to discriminate between parallel flaws.

TWG GROUP IN INDIA Phased array probes contain a number of small transducers. Unlike conventional pulse echo ultrasonic inspection probes that can only scan at a fixed angle the phased array system can be configured to use the optimum beam angle or range of beam angles to provide maximum coverage. By activating a specific number of elements and applying varying amounts of voltage to the elements the beam can be steered at specific angles and rastered backwards and forwards. The probes need only be moved along the weld at predetermined standoffs for the weld to be scanned using beams of various angles. All A-scans are stored and the data can be redisplayed as A, B, C, D and S scans.

Lateral Wave uses both the Olympus MX and MX2 battery powered phased array systems with various probes and wedge combinations. Add to that a range of manual, semi-automated and fully automated scanners, there is a cost effective way on deploying phased array in almost any situation.

Phased array can also be used in combination with the TOFD technique to provide the ultimate volumetric weld inspection. The phased array system can also be used to detect corrosion on pipework of 4" diameter and above using the Olympus HydroFORM system and for flange inspection using the Olympus flange inspection technique. Back to top of page

Time of Flight Diffraction (TOFD)

Time of Flight Diffraction (TOFD) technique offers the highest probability of detection rates and the lowest false call rates of any inspection technique. Coupled with this is hard copy evidence in an easily understood format. The greater accuracy of the TOFD analysis means the operators of plant, pipelines, etc. can have increased confidence in the results when compared to conventional manual pulse echo techniques and in many cases this leads to extended plant life and reduced operating costs.

The TOFD technique is highly reproducible so it is often used for creating baseline surveys of components. Even after a number of years, if there has been no in-service damage or deterioration of the component, the TOFD scan data will be almost identical to that of the original baseline survey. Even if a baseline survey was not performed at the time of fabrication it is still possible to perform an inspection, even with visible in-service flaws and use that data for comparison with future inspections.

Many industries including nuclear, power generation and oil & gas companies use TOFD to regularly monitor known flaws within components.

It is the best technique for the detection and sizing of weld root erosion and weld root corrosion in pipe welds as it uses the tips of flaws to determine the depth and throughwall extend of the erosion/corrosion.

For the application of the TOFD technique Lateral Wave uses the TD-Scan battery powered advanced ultrasonic inspection system. A range of manual, semi-automated and fully automated scanners provide a cost effective way on deploying TOFD in almost any situation.

TOFD can also be used in combination with the phased array technique to provide the ultimate volumetric weld inspection.

DYE PENETRANT TESTING

We offer a comprehensive, non destructive, dye penetrant testing service. This form of testing is also sometimes called liquid penetrant inspection (LPI) and is a widely applied and low-cost inspection method used to locate surface-breaking defects in all non-porous materials (metals, plastics, or ceramics). The penetrant may be applied to all non-ferrous materials, but for inspection of ferrous components magnetic-particle inspection is preferred for its subsurface detection capability. DPI is used to detect casting and forging defects, cracks, and leaks in new products, and fatigue cracks on in-service components. Special applications are for the aerospace, defence and automotive industries.

Below are the main steps of Dye Penetrant Inspection:

Pre-cleaning:

The testing surface is cleaned to remove any paint, oil, dirt, grease or any loose materials that could either stop penetrant entering a defect, or cause false indications, the end goal is a clean surface where any defects present are open to the surface, dry, and free of contamination.

Application of the penetrant:

The penetrant is applied to the surface of the item being tested, it is then given time to soak into any defects (generally 10 to 30 minutes). The time mainly depends upon which penetrant is being used, material being tested and the size of defects sought. Smaller flaws require a longer penetration time.

Excess penetrant removal:

The excess penetrant is then removed from the surface. Depending on the type of penetrant being used, whether it is water-washable, solvent-removable, lipophilic post-emulsifiable, or hydrophilic post-emulsifiable this will control the type of penetrant used. This process must be performed under controlled conditions so that all penetrant on the surface is removed, but the penetrants trapped in real defects remain in place.

Application of developer:

Once the excess penetrant has been removed a white developer is applied to the item. The developer should form a semi-transparent, even coating on the surface of the test area. The developer will then draw penetrant from defects out onto the surface to form a visible indication.

Inspection:

NDT TRAINING CENTER IN CHENNAI Our engineer will use visible light with adequate intensity for visible dye penetrant and ultraviolet (UV-A) radiation of adequate intensity, as well as low ambient light levels for fluorescent penetrant examinations. Inspection of the test surface normally takes place after a 10 minute development time.

Common applications:

Grinding cracks

Heat affect zone cracks

Laminations

Micro shrinkage

Poor weld penetration

Heat treatment cracks

Fatigue cracks

Hydrogen cracks

Inclusions

Gas porosity

Hot tears

Cold shuts

Stress corrosion cracks

Intergranular corrosion

Magnetic Particle Testing

NDT COURSE IN CHENNAI Magnetic particle inspection processes are non-destructive methods for the detection of surface, near-surface and sub-surface defects and flaws in ferrous and ferromagntic materials. A magnetic field is applied to the item to be tested, either locally or overall, using a permanent magnet, electromagnet, flexible cables or hand-held prods. If the material is sound, most of the magnetic flux is concentrated below the material's surface. However, if a flaw is present, such that it interacts with the magnetic field, the flux is distorted locally and 'leaks' from the surface of the specimen in the region of the flaw. Fine magnetic particles, applied to the surface of the specimen, are attracted to the area of flux leakage, creating a visible indication of the flaw. The materials commonly used for this purpose are black iron particles and red or yellow iron oxides. In some cases, the iron particles are coated with a fluorescent material enabling them to be viewed under a UV lamp in darkened conditions.

NDT INSTITUTE IN CHENNAI Magnetic particles are usually applied as a suspension in water or paraffin. This enables the particles to flow over the surface and to migrate to any flaws. On hot surfaces, or where contamination is a concern, we may use dry powders as an alternative to wet inks. On dark surfaces, a thin layer of white paint is usually applied, to increase the contrast between the background and the black magnetic particles. The most sensitive technique, however, is to use fluorescent particles viewed under UV (black) light. MPI is particularly sensitive to surface-breaking or near-surface cracks, even if the crack opening is very narrow. However, if the crack runs parallel to the magnetic field, there is little disturbance to the magnetic field and it is unlikely that the crack will be detected. For this reason it is recommended that the inspection surface is magnetised in two directions at 90° to each other. Alternatively, techniques using swinging or rotating magnetic fields can be used to ensure that all orientations of crack are detectable.

Common applications:

Cracking welded joints.

Areas identified as being susceptible to environmental cracking (e.g. stress corrosion cracking or hydrogen induced cracking), fatigue cracking or creep cracking.

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